Maryland researchers provide first statewide prevalence data on two new emerging pathogens in health care settings

“Testing positive, however, does not mean that patients have symptoms or active infections that are potentially life-threatening,” said study co-author J. Kristie Johnson, Ph.D., Professor of Pathology at UMSOM whose lab did the A. baumannii testing for the study. “But knowing which patients are colonized with these pathogens can help contain their spread to other patients.”

Over the course of 2022, state and local health departments around the country reported 2,377 clinical cases, according to the CDC, nearly five times the number infections in 2019, which was less than 500 cases. Maryland alone had 46 cases in 2022. While these infections don’t normally pose much of health risk to hospital workers, they pose a significant risk of death in patients with weakened immune systems. Often the infections can be spread from patient to patient by health care workers carrying the germs on their hands, equipment or clothing.

“There is a need for more health care facilities nationwide to be aware of the extent of the problem through surveillance testing,” Dr. Harris said. Certain measures can be implemented to help reduce spread of these pathogens including more stringent use of disposable gloves and gowns between patients and the use of chlorhexidine bathing of the critically ill to disinfect their skin.

“Emerging pathogens that are resistant to available therapeutics present a growing challenge in our country, especially with a projected increased growth in our aging population entering long term care facilities,” said UMSOM Dean Mark Gladwin, MD, who is also Executive Vice President for Medical Affairs, UM Baltimore, and the John Z. and Akiko K. Bowers Distinguished Professor at UMSOM. “Nearly half of patients who contract C. auris infections die within 90 days, according to the CDC, and this pathogen is now found in nearly 50 states. This is why it is critical for these surveillance studies to be conducted nationwide, not just in Maryland.”

UMSOM faculty members Lisa Pineles, MA, Lyndsay O’Hara, Ph.D., Leigh Smith, MD, and Indira French, MS, were co-authors on this study.