Combined treatment takes a bite out of tooth decay

Nature Communications.

“Traditional treatments often come short in managing the complex biofilm environment in the mouth,” Koo, senior co-author on the study, says. “Our combined treatment not only amplifies the effectiveness of each agent but does so with a lower dosage, hinting at a potentially revolutionary method for caries prevention in high-risk individuals.”

Their findings include the ability of Fer to stabilize SnF₂, the heightened catalytic activity of Fer when combined with SnF₂, and the formation of a protective Fe/Sn/F-rich film on tooth enamel, which can serve as a shield against further demineralization. What’s more, this combined therapy doesn’t disrupt the ecological balance of the oral microbiota and has no adverse side effects on the surrounding host tissues.

Cormode, senior co-author of the paper, says, “What excites us most about these findings is the multi-faceted approach to caries prevention. It’s not just about inhibiting bacterial growth or protecting the enamel; it’s a holistic method that targets both the biological and physicochemical aspects of dental caries.”

The researchers also note that, beyond this protective and proactive measure, an intriguing secondary benefit surfaced. Many children with severe tooth decay also suffer from iron deficiency anemia. Using Fer might address the dental and anemia concerns simultaneously.

Reflecting on the next steps, Koo says, “While we are happy with these initial findings, we still aim to dig deeper in understanding the intricate ways Fer and SnF₂ synergize to boost the therapeutic effects.”

Another significant advantage of this combined treatment is the promise of a quick transition to clinical applications. Since Fer is an off-the-shelf iron oxide nanoparticle formulation, using it topically at a fraction of its approved systemic dosage could fast-track its path to practical applications and commercialization without the long, arduous journey of new drug approvals.

Looking ahead, further research is required into the exact mechanisms of interaction between SnF₂ and Fer, the reactive oxygen species generation process, and the formation and efficacy of the protective enamel film.

“There’s potential here not just in dental care but in exploring how this combination can be targeted against other biofilms,” Cormode says.