Exposure to flame-retardant chemicals during pregnancy associated with varying childhood obesity risks

Exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs)—chemicals found in everyday products that use plastics and flame retardants—during pregnancy may have varying effects on the risks of childhood obesity, according to a new study.

The work is published in the journal Environment International.

The study found that children aged 5 to 10 years who were exposed to higher levels of dibutyl phosphate and di-isobutyl phosphate (DBUP/DIBP) during pregnancy had a 14% greater risk of developing obesity compared to those with the lowest exposure levels. In contrast, children whose mothers had higher exposure levels of bis (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP) during pregnancy had a 15% lower risk of developing obesity than those with the lowest levels of exposure.

“We are just beginning to understand how OPE exposure might be connected to obesity. Our findings suggest that the relationship between OPE exposure during pregnancy and childhood obesity is complicated, and more research is needed to look at a wider range of OPE chemicals,” said Assiamira Ferrara, MD, Ph.D., senior research scientist at Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research.

These chemicals are OPEs, which replaced polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) as flame retardants and plastic softeners in the mid-2000s. Studies in toxicology and epidemiology suggest that these substances can interfere with hormone systems and may be linked to obesity.

The study involved 5,087 mother-child pairs from 14 ECHO Cohort Study Sites. Researchers measured the levels of OPEs in the mother’s urine during pregnancy and their children’s body mass index (BMI) during infancy up to age 10. The participants were pregnant between 2006 and 2020 when OPEs were being rolled out to replace PBDEs.

“These findings underscore the need for further research to inform public health programs and regulatory policies aimed at mitigating childhood obesity risks from environmental chemical exposures,” said Alicia K. Peterson, Ph.D. staff scientist at Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research.

Researchers across the ECHO Cohort reviewed and analyzed data for this study.

Provided by
Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes